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We'll use the C# Interactive feature to learn more about the differences between value types and reference types.
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In the previous video, we learned a little
bit about the difference between value
0:00
types and reference types.
0:04
Let's play around a little
with the C# interactive,
0:06
to get a better feel for them.
0:08
In the interactive window,
we need to load up our project context so
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we can use the GameResult class.
0:14
We can do this by right-clicking
on our project and
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choosing Initialize Interactive
with Project.
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It already entered the using
declaration for us.
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Let's create a couple of
game results to start.
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var result1 = new GameResult.
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And a second one, var result2.
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And we'll assign it to result1.
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So right now,
we've got two different variables,
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both pointing to the same
object in memory.
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And we'll give result1 a game date value.
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result1.GameDate = DateTime.Now.
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And what do you think the game
date value in result2 will be?
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result2.GameDate.
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result1 and result2 are both
pointing to the same object.
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So when I change a value on result1,
result2 also reflects the change.
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Now let's create a couple
of value type variables.
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How about DateTime?
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var date1 equals new DateTime.
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And we'll use a constructor
on DateTime and
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pass it a year, a month, and a day.
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And var date2 = date1.
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date1, whoops, date1,
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and date2, both the same value.
1:54
When we assign date1 to date2,
it copied the value of date1.
2:00
What do you think will happen
if I change the value of date1?
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date1 = date1.AddDays.
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And we'll add 10 days.
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date1, date2.
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Like you saw with the TryParse method,
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we can pass a value type by
reference using the out keyword.
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There's another keyword called
ref that does the same thing, but
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is typically used in
a different circumstance.
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So with the out keyword, we don't need to
initialize the variable that gets passed
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in, because it will always be overwritten.
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In fact, we'd get a compiler error if we
didn't write anything to the argument that
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was passed in.
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Take a look.
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public bool GetDate(out DateTime date).
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And we won't assign a value,
we'll just return true.
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It didn't like that.
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The out parameter date must be assigned to
before control leaves the current method.
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I can hit Alt + up arrow to get what
we last tried to send to the REPL.
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And in here, we'll assign a value to date.
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Date = DateTime.Now.
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And now it's happy.
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The DateTime parameter we're going to
pass it doesn't need to be initialized.
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DateTime rightNow.
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And we'll call GetDate out rightNow.
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And the value of rightNow.
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In contrast, when we use the ref keyword,
the value has to be initialized.
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That's usually because it has
some kind of significance, and
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its value is used inside the method.
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With value types, you'd really only want
to use it if you need to swap values,
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since when you're swapping,
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you'll need both the original
values inside the method.
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Let's try it out.
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public bool SwapDates,
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ref keyword, DateTime date1,
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ref DateTime date2.
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Then inside here, we use a temporary
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DateTime tempDate to
hold the value of date1.
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We'll assign date1 to the value of date2.
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And then date2 will have the temporary
value that temp one had.
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And then we'll return true.
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Let's see how that works.
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rightNow = DateTime.Now.
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Then we'll need another date.
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DateTime later =
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DateTime.Now.AddHours(2).
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And then we'll swap the values
with our SwapDates method.
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ref rightNow and ref later.
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Now the value of rightNow
is actually what later was.
5:39
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